Saturday, April 19, 2008

Controlling Spending Habits

While there are a ton of finance blogs out there, some of them actually pretty good, I think some college student specific advice can be very helpful. Assuming you followed all my tips you have probably saved a lot of money that is either in your pocket or helping relieve the bills associated with paying for school.

Now, the first tip I will give follows the assumption that you are a student who lives solely on financial aid, loans, scholarships, whatever. If you are a freshman chances are you live on campus and have a meal plan as well. This means that for freshman you probably have almost no refund coming to you.

Refund: This is the excess of a students financial aid that is given back to them to cover parts of their budget themselves, like buying their books or paying their own rent if they live on campus.


Since most everything is already paid for if you are a freshman under the situation I laid out, it's a lot easier to go broke but also not nearly as damaging since you won't be late on rent or go hungry. Still, I would suggest doing something quite radical, and I suggest this to every person I know.

Don't Spend Any Money On Any Non-Essential Goods

For you the freshman this basically means don't spend any money, period. Everything is already covered for you so save up that money for a rainy day or to pay back your parents or your loans, if you have any. For everyone else it's a great way to save money and control consumerist habits.


Now if you are a student who still lives solely on financial aid but has decided to get their own apartment and buy their groceries, things become complicated. A refund that was previously maybe only hundreds of dollars is now thousands of dollars and your primary if not only source of income for the next 4 months of the semester. What to do?

Pay Bills In Advance and Budget Into The Future

This means write your landlord a check for the rent for the entire semester up until the next refund. This will insure that even if you don't listen to my other tips and go broke, at least you have somewhere to live. Then you should budget out your monthly utilities bill and calculate it for the semester.

Once you have that number, take that amount in money it somewhere you can't touch it for any other purpose. Use the envelope system or something very much like it.

Do this for every major bill as well. Try to pay off your car insurance in advance and even your cable/internet provider. If you can't pay them up front, put it away in the envelope.

For groceries, once again draw up a budget and put away a semester's worth of grocery money where you can't touch it.

At the end of this your refund should contain almost nothing or very little spending money because you have all your bills covered, you can even budget your gas expenses.

Now this is a failsafe device and a good saving tool. You should put all that money away and just not spend anything like I recommended earlier. But if you can't do that, you can now rest easy because if you go totally broke, you will still have paid your bills, transporation, and have food money so you don't die.

I like to call this style of spending basically forcing yourself to be broke. I've been broke before and it basically left me with no option: I can't spend anymore money on anything I don't need. Now my paychecks can only go towards food and bills. The one thing I realized when I was broke is that my spending habits were never better, and this is the way I should always be living. Therefore if you separate yourself with as much of your money as you can, you save yourself FROM yourself. Forcing yourself to be broke insures you won't spend money stupidly.

The only exception to what I see as a brilliant idea is the introduction of credit cards. Let me start off the bat by saying that I have a lot of things I could say about credit cards but this is not about politics. I would just suggest watching the documentary 'Affluenza' on that matter.

What I will say is that there are two ways to think about credit cards if you are in college:

1) Don't use them, ever. If you have a card card, cut it up or keep it where you can only touch it in emergency circumstances

2) Use a cash backrewards card for every purchase you have to make and than pay off the balance that same day through your checking account. Don't use credit for anything you would not use cash on and never let the balance sit there. This has a three-fold effect of improving your credit, teaching you good credit card skills, and also making you money.

Credit cards that offer cash back rewards can end up making you from a few bucks to hundreds of dollars a year depending on how much you spend. Me personally I use the Chase Freedom card and the only thing I can't use my card on is my Rent, meaning that I can MAKE about 130 dollars a year at my current spending habits.

Now, that is only counting how much I need to spend on bills and groceries. Therefore, I have to stress, this method only works if you don't allow yourself to buy frivolous crap but rather buy food and pay your bills ONLY and immediately pay the funds back with your debit card.

If you cannot trust yourself you are better off following the first suggestion.

Technology Corner: Do I Need A MacBook To Succeed?

This article is going to focus on the computer hardware you will need to get through college and how to save thousands of dollars on it. Now if you read my article on getting a Hobo education, you know that you can get by without a computer. This becomes problematic at a University because the library isn't always open and if you need to stay up until 3am to finish a paper you're screwed.

Therefore I'm going to assume that you NEED, at the very least, a desktop computer to succeed in college.

Common Purchasing Mistakes

Let me state off the bat I have nothing against Apple products as such, I don't use them and cannot attest to how well they work. That being said, my first tip is this:

Never buy a Mac computer

The reason has once again nothing to do with how good or bad Mac computers are, it has to do with two factors:

1) All Macs are expensive: The cheapest Mac desktop being sold at the Apple store currently costs 1,200 before taxes, ouch. Brand new PCs can go for less than $600.

2. All Macs are too expensive: This is actually my biggest problem with the Apple corporation and that is that all their products cost anywhere from 30-60% more than their equal quality competitors in terms of hardware specifications.

Not only is the cheapest Mac computer $1,200, but let's break down what you get for that money. Let's simplify the computer buying experience by looking at some measurable units of quality, processor, memory, speed and hard drive space.

The Mac in question boasts:
  • 2.0GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
  • 1GB memory
  • 250GB hard drive
Now, just to make this personal, my own computer roughly cost the same as this Mac and yet it boasts:

  • 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Quad
  • 3 GB memory
  • 750 GB hard Drive
Not only that, but in less than 5 minutes I custom built a Dell computer on their website that matches the Macs specs and it costs roughly $600. Now before you try and catch me on a mistake, let me point out that the Dell does include a 20 inch monitor like the Mac.

Basically, if you want to save money, don't buy any Apple products, ever.

This also applies in the exact same way to MacBook laptops.

Confusing Cost With Value

This point is really a continuation of the last one but too often people assume that if you pay more you automatically get something better. While this may be true sometimes it's not always. In the case with computers if you can get the same exact hard ware from a trusted company for less, you should not worry. Also, people sometimes go overboard assuming they need a computer that has $1,500 of hardware on it. For the average college student they just need a machine that can use a the internet and a word processor.

So in short, you can get a lot of quality at a lower cost, but you should also not pay extra for a computer that does more than you well ever need.

When keeping this in mind I suggest that you look into buying products from Acer and AMD. Acer is a company that produces excellent computer hard ware at far less than Apple, Dell, or HP prices. AMD produces a processor that rivals the Intel except costs far less and can perform toe-to-toe with the Intel Core 2.


How To Buy A Desktop Computer For Under $600

This isn't going to be a complete guide on finding "the computer for you", there are tons of those out theres. This is how to a buy a computer right for YOU, a cheap ass college student.

First I'm going to show you excellent mainstream brand computers for $400-600, lesser known online shops, and finally, used desktop resources.


Dell Inspiron 530
HP a66450z
Gateway GT5670
Acer Aspire M3100

Build Your Own:
This can be a cheaper option and gives you more value for your money too. If you are not very computer knowledgeable, ask someone who is to help you build a PC for you.

AscendTech
AllPcZone


Good online computer shops that also sell refurbished and re certified PCs:
I would recomend these because you can buy a warranty for them for a good price. You end up saving money because it is used and have protection in case the refurbishing job as done badly.

TigerDirect
NewEgg

I personally do not suggest buying anything without some sort of warranty. Therefore I would not encourage you to look on Craigslist for a used computer unless it is so cheap you can afford to have it break down after purchase(i.e. under $50)


Do I Need A Laptop?

The short answer is no, you don't NEED a laptop. If you are comfortable sitting down in one place while you work and can take notes by hand you can survive without a laptop. Laptops have sort of the same problem that Macs do, they cost too much compared to the hard ware you get for your money. Laptops usually cost twice as much as an equal quality PC in terms of the specs. The good news is that unlike Macs, not all laptops are expensive.


Laptops can be useful for a student if they prefer to type out notes rather than writing them, for working wherever they go and for possibly storing books(I mentioned this in the article about public domain books). Another good use for a laptop is that if you have a three-in-one Printer you can store all your class handouts on your laptop(and your PC for that matter), so you never have to carry around any paper.

In terms of saving money, owning a laptop means you really never need to buy another notebook, pen, highlighter, folder or paper except in special cases like when tests require pencils. Are the savings worth it?

Doing a rough calculation, if you buy a a 3-5 subject college ruled notebook for every single class(since you take far more notes than they say one subject needs), you spend roughly 3-5 dollars on each notebook. If you take 5 classes a semester this will cost your anywhere from 15 to 25 dollars a semester. In a four year degree you take eight semesters and end up spending about 200 dollars on notebook alone.

Now this calculation is fuzzy math if there ever was such a thing, but I don't know any other way that would make it seem worth it to own a classroom-use laptop. They will not save you money unless you use several notebook for every single class and lose a pen every 2 hours.

The only other thing I can think of is the value of being able to use the internet in boring classes and getting to write your paper outside during a beautiful day. I personally don't think that is worth much, but everyone has different priorities.

Therefore I will tell you that laptops can be incredibly convenient, but you DON'T NEED TO OWN A LAPTOP AND A PC. Buying a laptop that is powerful enough so that it acts as your only computer is the only way to really justify buying a laptop if you are a cheap college student.

Nevertheless, if you want to buy a good laptop I will tell you do not EVER need to spend a thousand dollars, or anywhere near that.

Here's a tip: At the Wal-Mart near my house they give 20% off the display model laptop. This is the one behind the glass showing you what the laptop looks like. Now, some people take them out and use them for a little bit before deciding to buy them but they are essentially new and the discount can be great, anywhere from 120-180 dollars in savings. Add that to the fact that Wal-Mart usually does not sell high end laptops that go over $800.

I only know this from my own experience so check with your own Wal-Mart or any store near you that sells laptops and has display models.


Other than that I can just tell you to do what we did with the desktop, go to the websites of the top computer companies and look at their cheapest models and pick the best one that fits within your budget. I guarantee you can actually get a great PC and a laptop for under $1,300 both.


Lastly, let me leave you with an excellent website that tracks the prices of electronics and can you navigate different online stores based on what you want and for how much:



PriceWatch


PS:

One last note about monitors. Some of the PCs I mentioned came with monitors and others did not. There are two ways you can save money on good monitors:

1. Suck it up and buy an old CRT. A CRT monitor is the old school style monitor that is freakin' huge. With the popularity of LCD screens you can buy a CRT monitor that is 19 inches for under 100 bucks. Best of all, if you go to a pawn shop or check Craigslist, you will find even huge CRT's are low prices because LCD has made them worthless, no one makes them anyone and hardly anyone buys them.

2. The other thing I would say is that monitors in general are not *that* expensive. Even with LCD monitors, you can get one that is good enough to act as not only the monitor PC but your television as well. You can get a great monitor, like a widescreen 22 incher from Acer for under 250. The thing about LCDs is that there is almost no price drop between quality. The difference between a 19 to 22 inch monitor is less than 30 dollars. Still, you can nab a respectable 17 inch monitor for easily less than $200.



Technology Corner: Why You Should Love OpenSource and Freeware

First let me define some terms: freeware means software that is free to use and is it not simply a trial version of paid software. Open Source also refers to free software but it allows it's source code to be open to the public. A source code is basically the blueprint or recipe for making a program.

If you haven't figured out already why you should love free stuff, you should stop reading right now.

For a college student there are some pieces of software, essential or unessential, that you will find yourself wanting or needing to buy. What I am here to tell you may be shocking: any software worth buying has a free alternative that is just as good or even better.

Let's review important software *most* students need and their free alternatives:

Microsoft Office
Essential for students is mainly Office Word, because no matter what your major is, the college experience includes mountains of papers to write. It also includes PowerPoint for creating presentations.


Free Alternative:

No, I am not going to suggest you suck it up and use some crap program like Notepad. What you need is...
OpenOffice
OpenOffice is basically a collection of program designed to emulate the look and feel of Microsoft Office, especially the 2003 edition. It has it's own version of every Microsoft application, all of them working just as well if not better. In fact I prefer OpenOffice Writer to Word, especially since they emulate the user-friendly design of 2003 Office and not the moronic "ribbons" layout of Office 2007.

Savings:

Microsoft Office - $150(standard) to $680(ultimate)
OpenOffice - FREE!




Protection

One of the most important things to set up on a new computer is anti-virus/spyware programs to prevent slow downs, identity theft, and complete system failure. Some might say that this is something that's worth spending the extra dollar on because it's very important to protect your files. I would say you can protect your files by backing them up online or on disks, thus possibly risking having to reformat your whole computer if a virus got through.

Also I would say the average student can protect himself a lot just through basic common sense.

Therefore let's look at excellent Open Source alternatives to Spyware and Anti-Virus protection.

AVG: One of the best reviewed and most widely used open source applications, this is definitely the leader in free virus protection.

Download

The savings here are anywhere from $30-55. Some programs are two in one virus and spy ware protection, but I usually use two programs for each.


Spyware Doctor: This is a great program that comes free with Google Pack.
Very highly rated and one of the most popular free alternatives out there.


Ad-Aware: I used this program years ago and found it to be really crappy. It would always detect spyware but not be able to remove 90% of it. It's gone through many versions since then and a lot of people I trust say it works great.

Download

Savings: Once again, anywhere from $25-40.



Fun and Play

These are free ways to keep yourself amused so your boredom doesn't cause you to spend on entertainment you don't need. Not all of these are programs, some are just websites that offer free entertainment, free and legal:

Image Manipulation(Photoshop Replacement)

Blender
InkScape
Gimp

Saves: $650-1,000

Games

Newgrounds
Crazy Monkey
RomBomb
(Note: I do not condone illegally using roms and emulators to steal video games)
Miniclip

Videos

Free movies(legal)
OpenFlix
Archive
Public Domain Torrents

Free TV( legal)

South Park
LocateTV
NBC
ABC

Free Music(legal)

The Hype Machine
Free MP3's
Muxtape


Trust me, thousands more alternatives exist than just these, but it's a good place to start and a good philosophy to start looking for free alternatives before just pulling out the credit card.







Saving Money On Books: Assorted Tips

Shop Online

Bookstores exist to rip off college students by overcharging. While they may charge retail for new books, they almost never give fair prices for used copies, selling them at way more than they are worth. My suggestion is to use Amazon.com, although other people love Ebay, Half.com, or using local resources like Craigslist. Every semester I usually save at least 50% on my books by buying used books from Amazon in excellent condition.

Personal tip: Never buy from anyone with a below 95% approval rating


Sell Online

As bad as you can get ripped off buying books at a Barnes & Nobles, the biggest cheat is how little they offer to buy your books back. You should never, EVER sell a book back to a retail chain of stores. Always sell your books online to get the maximum value.


Buy Used and Old Editions

There is nothing wrong with buying a used edition of a book as long as it is not missing any pages. It's a great way to save money and there is really no reason to buy a new book

Also, if you are buying a book that has multiple editions, buy an old edition. Most books release new editions like clockwork and professors jump on the wagon constantly requesting the newest version. This totally destroys the value of a book once a new edition is released, usually they are worth less than 5 dollars now even if it was a 100 dollar textbook last semester. What they usually don't tell you is that the new edition is barely distinguishable from the old one, so just purchase a previous edition for pennies.

Even if you find out the editions are far too different, all you have lost is a few dollars in the pursuit of a potential savings of hundreds. Honestly most updates are only relevant if your class is teaching you about material that pertains to the last 5-10 years. If you are reading an anthology of Middle Ages literature, don't expect much to change.


If you follow these tips I can almost guarantee you will save anywhere from 30-70% on buying and reselling your books every single semester.

Saving Money On Books: Those You Don't Need Part 3

Public Domain

These are two words that essentially mean one thing: free. It refers to materials that were once copyrighted but now no longer owned by anyone. This is important because almost every single novel written over a hundred years ago is now part of the public domain. Also important is that there are a lot of projects out there dedicated to putting together free and legal databases of these public domain books.

What this means for you the student is that you may never have to purchase any books for classes that require you to read old material, especially helpful if you happen to take a lot of Literature or Philosophy courses.

This method of attaining free books usually requires the use of a laptop if you want to have the book with you in the classroom. If you simply want to read it at home, a desktop will be sufficient. Now the major problem is that reading off of a computer screen causes severe eye strain.


Therefore I would advise one of two things:

First: Use the public domain for books that you will not be reading in full but only selections of, especially if it poetry.

Second: Consider purchasing the Amazon Kindle. The reason I suggest this is because the Kindle was built to replace the experience of reading books. Therefore their screen is designed to be as gentle on the eyes as a regular page and won't case eye strain like monitors will. Even though it may seem steep at 400 dollars, it has a lot of advantages and options for savings.

For instance, I believe if you are an English major the money saved would far outweigh that earned on actually having to buy the Public Domain novels that are required reading for English classes. You can simply download them on your computer and transfer them to the Kindle to read and have with you the whole time. I suggest calculating how many novels you are assigned for each class and the cost of those books before deciding the Kindle can save you money.

Other advantages of course include never having to carry around books, highlighting features, and also a discount for buying books in Kindle-format.

Here are some great resources for Public Domain books:

Project Guttenberg
Planet eBook
ManyBooks
Google Book Search

PS:

Also don't bother wasting money on "style guides", they are available online, for free, for all types of formats:

OWL
American Heritage
MLA Guide

Saving Money On Books: Those You Don't Need Part 2

Another tip to buying textbooks is to actually talk to people who have taken the same class with the same teacher before. I learned shortly after I arrived at my school that every class is required to have a book assigned to it. This means that some professors will require you to buy books that they will never even use.

If you talk to students who have taken the same class before they may tell you that they never used the book and when they did it wasn't very helpful either way.

Saving Money On Books: Those You Don't Need

Nothing shocks a college student more than looking at the receipt after purchasing a semester's worth of books. Suddenly you begin to appreciate the way high schools simply check out to you the book you need for the year and take it back at the end, no cost. I would be lying if I said there was really a cheap method to college textbooks, but there are definitely ways of lowering the cost.


Books You Don't Need

No one ever told me that you don't actually have to buy all the books they tell you that you will need. Now I don't just mean the difference between the required and recommended texts. I mean that certain classes require books that they NEVER USE.

Here are some ways of knowing whether to even buy the book for the class you are taking:

One thing I have noticed is that if you are taking a large lecture class, don't bother buying the textbook. This applies to classes that are low level introductions, like Biology or Geology 101. These classrooms are usually far too huge to assign homework in, therefore the reading assignments will actually never be checked. This is the type of classroom where you receive only lectures and your grade depends only on tests, usually only mid-term and final.

The reason I would tell people not to bother buying the books is because they are unnecessary and usually the most expensive books out there: hardcover science texts. Instead usually the notes you take from lectures will be enough. If not, you can easily just find free online resources to read up more on whatever information is being covered.

The truth is that these classes are never meant to be hard but introductions to students who are not actually within that major. Since the information is so general is easily available online and thus it would be pointless for a Psychology major to spend 50-150 dollars on a Chemistry textbook for a class with no homework and no attendance policy.